1.1 – Measurements in physics |
Fundamental and derived SI units |
Scientific notation and metric multipliers |
Significant figures |
Orders of magnitude |
Estimation |
1.2 – Uncertainties and errors |
Random and systematic errors |
Absolute, fractional and percentage uncertainties |
Error bars |
Uncertainty of gradient and intercepts |
1.3 – Vectors and scalars |
Vector and scalar quantities |
Combination and resolution of vectors |
2.1 – Motion |
Distance and displacement |
Speed and velocity |
Acceleration |
Graphs describing motion |
Equations of motion for uniform acceleration |
Projectile motion |
Fluid resistance and terminal speed |
2.2 – Forces |
Objects as point particles |
Free-body diagrams |
Translational equilibrium |
Newton’s laws of motion |
Solid friction |
2.3 – Work, energy and power |
Kinetic energy |
Gravitational potential energy |
Elastic potential energy |
Work done as energy transfer |
Power as rate of energy transfer |
Principle of conservation of energy |
Efficiency |
2.4 – Momentum and impulse |
Newton’s second law expressed in terms of rate of change of momentum |
Impulse and force–time graphs |
Conservation of linear momentum |
Elastic collisions, inelastic collisions and explosions |
3.1 – Thermal concepts |
Molecular theory of solids, liquids and gases |
Temperature and absolute temperature |
Internal energy |
Specific heat capacity |
Phase change |
Specific latent heat |
3.2 – Modelling a gas |
Pressure |
Equation of state for an ideal gas |
Kinetic model of an ideal gas |
Mole, molar mass and the Avogadro constant |
Differences between real and ideal gases |
4.1 – Oscillations |
Simple harmonic oscillations |
Time period, frequency, amplitude, displacement and phase difference |
Conditions for simple harmonic motion |
4.2 – Travelling waves |
Travelling waves |
Wavelength, frequency, period and wave speed |
Transverse and longitudinal waves |
The nature of electromagnetic waves |
The nature of sound waves |
4.3 – Wave characteristics |
Wavefronts and rays |
Amplitude and intensity |
Superposition |
Polarization |
4.4 – Wave behaviour |
Reflection and refraction |
Snell’s law, critical angle and total internal reflection |
Diffraction through a single-slit and around objects |
Interference patterns |
Double-slit interference |
Path difference |
4.5 – Standing waves |
The nature of standing waves |
Boundary conditions |
Nodes and antinodes |
5.1 – Electric fields |
Charge |
Electric field |
Coulomb’s law |
Electric current |
Direct current (dc) |
Potential difference |
5.2 – Heating effect of electric currents |
Circuit diagrams |
Kirchhoff’s circuit laws |
Heating effect of current and its consequences |
Resistance expressed as R = V/I |
Ohm’s law |
Resistivity |
Power dissipation |
5.3 – Electric cells |
Cells |
Internal resistance |
Secondary cells |
Terminal potential difference |
Electromotive force (emf) |
5.4 – Magnetic effects of electric currents |
Magnetic fields |
Magnetic force |
6.1 – Circular motion |
Period, frequency, angular displacement and angular velocity |
Centripetal force |
Centripetal acceleration |
6.2 – Newton’s law of gravitation |
Newton’s law of gravitation |
Gravitational field strength |
7.1 – Discrete energy and radioactivity |
Discrete energy and discrete energy levels |
Transitions between energy levels |
Radioactive decay |
Fundamental forces and their properties |
Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays |
Half-life |
Absorption characteristics of decay particles |
Isotopes |
Background radiation |
7.2 – Nuclear reactions |
The unified atomic mass unit |
Mass defect and nuclear binding energy |
Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion |
7.3 – The structure of matter |
Quarks, leptons and their antiparticles |
Hadrons, baryons and mesons |
The conservation laws of charge, baryon number, lepton number and strangeness |
The nature and range of the strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force and electromagnetic force |
Exchange particles |
Feynman diagrams |
Confinement |
The Higgs boson |
8.1 – Energy sources |
Specific energy and energy density of fuel sources |
Primary energy sources |
Sankey diagrams |
Electricity as a secondary and versatile form of energy |
Renewable and non-renewable energy sources |
8.2 – Thermal energy transfer |
Conduction, convection and thermal radiation |
Black-body radiation |
Albedo and emissivity |
The solar constant |
The greenhouse effect |
Energy balance in the Earth surface–atmosphere system |
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