Bite-sized Thermal Physics Study Notes for IB Physics HL/SL
Key point
The particle model of matter states that all matter is composed of small particles.
There are three types of states:
In a solid, particles can be modeled by springs. The strings represent bonds.
In a liquid, particles will take the shape of the container they are placed in.
Gas is the least dense state of matter.
Key points
Temperature is a measure of ‘hotness’ or ‘coldness’ of a body.
T (in Kelvin, K) = T (in degrees Celsuis, C) + 273
A Thermometer is used to measure temperature.
Key point
Heat is the energy that is transferred from one body to another body as a result of a difference in temperature.
Formula Booklet
Specific Heat Capacity is the amount of energy needed in order to increase a unit of mass of the object by one kelvin.
Key point
Change of phase happens at a constant temperature.
Formula Booklet
Specific Latent Heat (l) is defined as the amount of energy required to change the phase of a unit mass at a constant temperature.
Key point
Questions/Answers
Key point
Formula Booklet
Formula Booklet
If a substance contains N particles, then the number of moles ‘n‘ is given by this formula.
The atomic mass unit (1u) is defined as 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Formula Booklet
Unified atomic mass unit
Key point
Formula Booklet
Key points
An Ideal Gas is a theoretical model of a gas. It is defined by the following assumptions:
At very low density (low pressure, high temperature) a real gas will generally behave like an ideal gas.
Key point
The Pressure-Volume Law states that at constant temperature and with a fixed quantity of gas, pressure is inversely proportional to volume.
Key point
The Volume-Temperature Law states that when temperature is expressed in kelvin, then at constant temperature volume increases uniformly with temperature.
Not in Formula Booklet but important
Key point
The Pressure-Temperature Law states that when temperature is expressed in kelvin and volume is constant, then pressure increases uniformly with increasing temperature.
Not in Formula Booklet but important
Key point
The Equation of state of an Ideal Gas relates Volume, Pressure, Temperature, and the number of moles of a gas. .
Formula Booklet
Key points
The molecules of a gas move randomly with a range of speeds.
Formula Booklet
Not in Formula Booklet but important
The Internal Energy of an ideal gas consists only of the random kinetic energy of its molecules
Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
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